violence

• 
• SOURCE: TIME
  10/2/2020
  

  The Proud Boys Are Part of America's Long History of Vigilante Violence. Here’s What to Know About the Group's Origins

  Although he would later claim not to know about the "Proud Boys" far-right gang, Trump's debate comments could be seen as a "green light" for political violence, says historian Kathleen Belew. 

• 
• SOURCE: The Grio
  9/20/2020
  

  ‘Fifth Girl’ In 1963 KKK Church Bombing Seeks Apology, Restitution

  Sarah Collins Rudolph argues that the State of Alabama, in the person of Governor George Wallace, directly incited the racial hatred that led to the bombing of 16th Street Baptist Church. 

• 
• 9/6/2020
  

  Trump Can Use MS-13 as a Prop Because the US Won't Acknowledge a Role in Creating It

  by Roberto Lovato

  Roberto Lovato's new book "Unforgetting: " examines how policing in the United States, including a combined crackdown on immigration and gang activity led by William Barr after the 1992 Los Angeles riots, helped create MS-13 as a transnational criminal gang and a political symbol of fear to be exploited in election years. 

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• SOURCE: New York Times
  8/28/2020
  

  The Massacre That Emboldened White Supremacists

  by William Briggs and Jon Krakauer

  The Colfax Massacre, sparked by white supremacists' refusal to accept a state election result, set in motion a series of legal rulings that made it virtually impossible for the federal government to prosecute civil rights violations by private citizens, ensuring that mob violence and racial oppression would continue. 

• 
• SOURCE: New York Times
  8/30/2020
  

  Trump, Vicar of Fear and Violence

  New York Times columnist Charles M. Blow writes that Trump is just the latest in a long line of American politicians who have stoked racist fears for advantage. 

• 
• SOURCE: New York Times
  9/1/2020
  

  A Salvadoran-American Assembles the Fragments of a Violent Cultural History (Review)

  Carolyn Forché reviews Roberto Lovato's book "Unforgetting" on the transnational history of the Salvadoran people.

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  8/27/2020
  

  ‘Ax Handle Saturday’: The Klan’s Vicious Attack On Black Protesters In Florida 60 Years Ago

  Historian Clayborne Carson notes that this incident marked a shift in the nature of racist backlash during the sit-in movement.

• 
• SOURCE: Black Perspectives
  8/19/2020
  

  The Role of Violence in the Abolitionist Movement (Review)

  Mike Jirik reviews historian Kellie Carter Jackson’s new book, "Force and Freedom: Black Abolitionists and the Politics of Violence."

• 
• SOURCE: Boston Review
  7/20/2020
  

  Police Sexual Violence Is Hidden in Plain Sight

  by Anne Gray Fischer

  How did we get to the point where sexual assault is considered valid, necessary police work? The answer lies in the origin story of modern police, and specifically in the history of the discretionary enforcement of public order laws.

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  7/28/2020
  

  Violence In Portland Exposes The Real Purpose Embedded In Law Enforcement

  by Amrita Chakrabarti Myers

  Policing in America traces its roots back to the institution of the slave patrol.

• 
• SOURCE: Current Affairs
  7/28/2020
  

  Policing Can’t End Violence in the U.S., But Reparations Might

  Because American police have always upheld racial capitalism through violence, anti-racist public safety requires police abolition—and police abolition requires reparations.

• 
• SOURCE: Newsweek
  7/29/2020
  

  Portland History Professor Says She Was Shot in the Head by Federal Agents

  "This is my home. I was protesting peacefully. So why did federal troops shoot me in the head?" said professor Maureen Healy.

• 
• SOURCE: Dissent
  7/24/2020
  

  The Death of Hannah Fizer

  by Adam Rothman and Barbara J. Fields

  Those seeking genuine democracy must fight like hell to convince white Americans that what is good for black people is also good for them: Reining in murderous police, investing in schools rather than prisons, and providing universal healthcare.

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  7/24/2020
  

  Black Women are the Victims of Police Violence, Too

  by Mary-Elizabeth Murphy

  One lesson of black Washingtonians in the 1930s is that change can come if activists call attention and politicize the over-policing and violence against black women, recognizing how gendered violence upholds white supremacy. 

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  7/13/2020
  

  A Century After a Race Massacre, Tulsa Finally Digs for Suspected Mass Graves

  The excavation at Oaklawn Cemetery, delayed for months by the pandemic, begins Monday morning.

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  6/22/2020
  

  Police Say Deaths of Black People by Hanging are Suicides. Many Black People aren’t so Sure.

  by Stacey Patton

  Black people's suspicions that a number of recent hanging deaths were murders rather than suicides echoes a long history of concealing violence against black people by ruling it suicide. 

• 
• SOURCE: NBC News
  6/21/2020
  

  Racial Violence and a Pandemic: How the Red Summer of 1919 Relates to 2020

  Geoff Ward, Cameron McWhirter and Saje Mathieu examine the parallels between the notorious "Red Summer" of 1919 and the present. 

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  6/16/2020
  

  At Least 2,000 More Black People Were Lynched By White Mobs Than Previously Reported, New Research Finds

  Racial terror followed passage of the 13th Amendment in 1865.

• 
• SOURCE: History Extra (BBC)
  6/16/2020
  

  American Spotlight: How Today’s Protests Echo Historical Outrage

  In this podcast, Kevin Gaines speaks with History Extra on the history of the civil rights movement, racial tensions in America, and the history behind the police violence of recent weeks.

• 
• SOURCE: The New York Times
  6/16/2020
  

  Why Protest Movements Are ‘Civil’ Only in Retrospect

  Historian Richard Pierce: “Blacks can’t continue to wait around to find an acceptable form of protest that will generate 100 percent approval on the other side, because that doesn’t exist.”